Word: scale
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...presently be as high as 120 for young people in China, or as high as 111 in India. This shift may arise from preferential abortion or the neglect of baby girls relative to boys. Gender imbalance may also have other determinants, such as large-scale migration of one or the other sex in search of work. This shift has numerous implications. For example, given the historical role of females as caregivers to elderly parents, a shortage of women to fill this role will induce large-scale social adjustments. Moreover, an excess of low-status men unable to find...
...After Israel’s December assault, Gaza’s already compromised conditions have become virtually unlivable. Livelihoods, homes, and public infrastructure have been damaged or destroyed on a scale that even the Israel Defense Forces admitted was indefensible. In Gaza today, there is no private sector to speak of and no industry. 80 percent of Gaza’s agricultural crops were destroyed and Israel continues to snipe at farmers attempting to plant and tend fields near the well-fenced and patrolled border. Most productive activity has been extinguished...
...including the internal disarray of the Palestinian leadership—one wonders how the reconstruction to which Obama referred will be possible. There is no question that people must be helped immediately. Programs aimed at alleviating suffering and reinstating some semblance of normalcy are ongoing, but at a scale shaped entirely by the extreme limitations on the availability of goods. In this context of repressive occupation and heightened restriction, what does it mean to reconstruct Gaza? How is it possible under such conditions to empower people and build sustainable and resilient institutions able to withstand expected external shocks? Without...
Africa, a continent of nearly one billion people with the world’s highest mortality rate at every age group and from nearly every cause, has no in-depth, large-scale longitudinal studies of its people’s health. No studies similar to Harvard University’s Nurses’ Health Study, which has studied lifestyle factors of 121,700 female nurses for 33 years, down to what they drink and eat, how much they exercise or smoke, and detailing their family and reproductive histories exist. Harvard, with its unmatched experience in this and other large cohort...
...success during World War II and the immediate aftermath was a freak of geopolitics. With most of the rest of the world (including some regions that were as technologically advanced as Michigan) consumed by war, only the U.S. and Canada were able to develop the high-tech industries of scale that were needed to fight the Axis powers. So successful were those North American industries in developing a mass middle-class standard of living that three generations of Americans were seduced into assuming that the prosperity of Detroit's golden age was normal and how America should...