Word: schoenberg
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This crisis, according to Bernstein, divided modern composers into two warring camps "the way a great river divides into two forks." The Viennese school, led by Arnold Schoenberg, "gave up the struggle to preserve tonality;" Igor Stravinsky and his followers represented a "last ditch stand" against "the rampages of chromaticism." Bernstein's language gives the lie to his pose of dispassionate neutrality, and for that matter his own music plainly shows both his distaste for atonality and his adoration of Stravinsky...
...matter of his personal taste, that it is an innate, physical necessity. The very existence of the Viennese school's atonal music, not to mention non-tonal music of other cultures and the pre-tonal music of the Renaissance, argues that tonality is not universal, but Bernstein claims that Schoenberg denied his own inner instincts, and, outrageously, that "Schoenberg to this day has not found his public...
...development of tonality, a complex system of relationships and progressions of tension and release, stability and instability--embodying all of the conventions of Western harmony. Above all, tonality involves a central, tonic note which is felt to be predominant. It was this aspect, with all its consequences that Schoenberg's system of 12 equal tones rebelled against...
...Arnold Schoenberg, in a note found after his death...
Ives' work remains easier to praise than to listen to. At its most difficult, it ranks with late Beethoven, Bartók and Schoenberg for complexity. Even "friendly" works, like the two string quartets and Three Places in New England, take a lot of loving to like. But then, Ives never made things easy for himself and was not about to make them easy for the listener. He thought of music and all art as a bridge between men and once posed a question: "Where is the bridge placed-at the end of the road, or only...