Word: schuman
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With such solemn phrases, Adenauer appealed to the West German Republic last week to pledge its most precious asset, the Ruhr, to the great task of building a European community. Up for vote was German ratification of the Schuman Plan, which would put the coal and steel of Germany and France and their neighbors into an industrial super-government until the year...
Barriers to Be Broken. The Schuman Plan, perhaps the most imaginative postwar act of European statesmanship, is intended to bind the six West European nations into a single U.S.-size "coal and steel community," able to produce 220 million tons of coal and 38 million tons of steel each year. Within this vast integrated market (total pop. 155 million) there will be no customs duties on coal and steel shipments, and miners and steelworkers will be able to move freely without passports or visas. A supranational High Authority of nine "stateless technocrats" (no more than two from any one country...
Battles to Be Won. Ruhr industrialists, French steel kings, militant trade unionists, patriotic Germans, patriotic French-could they work together for the common good? The amount of resistance to the Schuman Plan is a measure of how much it asks. The Dutch have approved it; the Italians are ready to. But Belgium and Luxembourg resist. So does West Germany, biggest steel and coal producer in continental Europe. Konrad Adenauer was forced last week to postpone a vote on the Schuman Plan until January, and without Germany the Plan will not work. Yet France had been the highest hurdle. Clearing...
...every important West European capital last week there were almost daily meetings of diplomats, economists and soldiers, engaged in a kind of piecemeal federation. The six key nations of Western Europe were closer than ever before to adopting the Schuman Plan (see above). They were solemnly (if disputatiously) engaged in negotiating the even more revolutionary Pleven Plan for transforming their land, sea and air forces into a single European army. Under it, France and Germany would fight shoulder to shoulder, side by side with Italy, Belgium, The Netherlands and Luxembourg...
...boldness could be seen in the words of France's Robert Schuman last week: "A complete merger of our armed forces in one uniform, under common discipline, under single command and responsibility -not to individual governments but to all the member governments." A High Authority made up of representatives of the six countries would oversee its 43 divisions, its 560,000 ground combat troops. A Commissioner of Defense with broad powers would boss it, assign military commanders, set a common military budget, allocate military aid. Important undertakings such as U.N. and NATO involve no such surrender of national sovereignty...