Word: schwimmer
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Dates: during 1920-1929
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...Supreme Court divided 6-to-3 against Mme. Schwimmer's application. Said Mr. Justice Butler in the majority opinion: ''It is the duty of citizens by force of arms to defend our Government. . . . Whatever tends to lessen the willingness of citizens to discharge their duty to bear arms . . . detracts from the strength and safety of the government. The influence of conscientious objectors ... is apt to be more detrimental than their mere refusal to bear arms. The fact that, by reason of sex, age or other cause they may be unfit to serve, does not lessen their purpose...
...court majority flayed Mme. Schwimmer as "an uncompromising pacifist with no sense of nationalism but only a cosmic sense of belonging to the human family...
...Justice Holmes, a most liberal and learned member of the high court, dissented with brilliant vigor, drawing Justices Brandeis and Sanford to his reasoning. Because Mme. Schwimmer believed ardently in peace at any price, Mr. Justice Holmes could see no reason to deny her citizenship on that account. Declared...
...decision left Mme. Schwimmer a woman without a country, for she had renounced her allegiance to Hungary. New York's Congressman Anthony J. Griffin introduced in the House an amendment to the Naturalization Laws to meet Mme. Schwimmer's case, to prevent "philosophic opinions with respect to the lawfulness of war" from barring an alien from citizenship. Said Mr. Griffin: "I do not see why aliens holding the views of Senator Borah ... on the unlawfulness of war should be debarred from citizenship...
...Schwimmer, rendered cynical by her defeat, remarked: "If I had invented a new gun or poison gas I would have been so welcome...