Word: scottsboro
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Powell v. Alabama (1932) ordered states for the first time to provide law yers for indigent defendants in capital cases. Although Ozie Powell, 16, and six other Negro youths, who came to be known as the "Scottsboro Boys," had no legal aid, they had been sentenced to death for allegedly raping two white girl hoboes. Though one of the girls totally recanted her testimony, Alabama later reconvicted the boys as many as four times, eventually meting out sentences of up to 99 years. Ozie Powell was paroled...
...Nancy Cunard, 68, great-granddaughter of the famed British ship line's founder, a London socialite turned bohemian who became an early crusader for Negro rights, moved to Harlem in 1932, where she published an 854-page anthology on Negro life and organized a campaign that helped the Scottsboro boys, seven Alabama Negroes convicted of raping two white girls, win Supreme Court reversal of their death sentences; in Paris...
...most celebrated triumph as a lawyer was his defense of the "Scottsboro boys"-nine Negro youths accused of raping two hoboing white women in a railroad freight car near Scottsboro, Ala. An Alabama court sentenced eight of the boys to death and the ninth to life imprisonment. In proceedings that lasted from 1933 to 1937, Leibowitz, serving without fee, won a reversal from the U.S. Supreme Court, succeeded in establishing the legal principle that a Negro cannot be assured a fair trial in a community where Negroes are systematically excluded from jury service...
...party was successful when it could act with American writers on an issue like the Scottsboro case, or join intellectuals in picketing for Sacco and Vanzetti, but it displayed a great, lumbering ineptness whenever it interfered in strictly cultural and artistic matters. This ineptness that Aaron writes of, this inability to deal with American writers on American terms is something that the myths of both the Right and the Left have forgotten. Even someone as useful to the Party as Dreiser was continually embarrassing its leaders; he was, at heart, an individualist, and his allegiance was always conditional. Dreiser talked...