Word: seal
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Semitism in Europe and Russia. He follows the emergence of leaders like Theodor Herzl ("I shall be the Parnell of the Jews") and Chaim Weizmann, who successfully lobbied Britain to pass the Balfour Declaration of 1917 to help establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The document was an important seal of approval for Zionism, although His Majesty's government had ulterior motives. Among them was the need to get American Jews behind full U.S. involvement in World...
...power, a period that has seen a new push for less liquor and more labor, tighter work discipline and more thrift. It was high time, Gorbachev made clear, to begin realizing those goals. In its final week, the congress rubber-stamped two separate economic outlines that bear the Gorbachev seal. Both emphasize the rebuilding of obsolete factories and concentration on machine-tool production, consumer goods and computer technology. But Gorbachev's defense of the centrally planned Soviet economy indicated that, unlike China's leaders, he is not prepared to tamper with the foundations of Marxist-Leninist theory...
...ring failure. Last week Engineer Roger Boisjoly, Thiokol's top expert on the rings, testified that he had sent a similar memo to his superiors only days after Cook sent his. On any one flight, his memo warned, it was "a jump ball" as to whether the seal would hold, and if it did not, "the result would be a catastrophe of the highest order--loss of human life." One month later, yet another Thiokol engineer, Arnold Thompson, urged his company to ask NASA to suspend all flights until the seal problem was fixed. Thiokol management apparently did not convey...
Back in Utah, preparations for the pivotal teleconference were rushed. Lund ordered all data collected on any correlation between temperature and the amount of erosion experienced in the O rings on previous flights. Boisjoly worried in particular about Shuttle Mission 51-C in January 1985, in which the seal temperature had been 53 degrees (although the air had warmed to 66 degrees by the time of launch). When the spent boosters were recovered from that flight, what Boisjoly described as black soot "just like coal" was found behind a primary ring in one booster, indicating that gases had blown past...
...Hardy led the NASA challenge to this conclusion. Hardy said that he was "appalled" by the reasoning behind the no-fly stance of Thiokol, $ while Mulloy insisted that there was no demonstrable link between temperature and O-ring erosion. He contended that despite NASA's placing the booster seals on the criticality-1 list because of a lack of redundancy, the backup ring would certainly seat in the critical early-ignition phase of the launch and provide a seal even if gases got by the first ring. Since NASA had not established a minimum launch temperature for the boosters...