Word: seaway
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Nearness to the huge Mesabi iron-ore range and Midwestern grain fields has made Duluth, the western terminus of the St. Lawrence Seaway, one of the busiest ports in the U.S. But Duluth (pop. 106,-800) has another asset, which is making its own unique contribution to the growth of the thriving city: four big scholarship funds, including two in operation for the first time this year. They have raised the educational level of its high school system, and will support 286 Minnesota students on college scholarships this year, of whom all but 72 are graduates of Duluth high schools...
...Lawrence Seaway is an engineering masterpiece designed to produce economic miracles. It hasn't quite. In the confident hope that a deepwater channel would churn up an international trading boom in the North American heartland, Canada and the U.S. sank $442 million into the Seaway. Last week, as the Great Lakes shipping season approached its crest (unaffected by the coastal shipping strike), the two-year-old Seaway had lost some of its glamour. Says Milwaukee Port Director Harry C. Brockel: "It hasn't been as spectacular as expected. But then, a lot of people were looking for wonders...
Modest Rewards. Port cities that set their original sights too high are hurting now. Cleveland's officials are disappointed because the Seaway attracted only 25% of the expected new tonnage and not a single new industry. Duluth built a new $9,000,000 port terminal, and though the city's outgoing shipments have risen, its import turnover is off 46% from a year ago. Other regional centers profit in some ways only to lose in others. Buffalo's ocean tonnage has doubled, but its great milling business has sagged because Midwest grain carriers now head straight overseas...
...upcreep to the point where "the value of the dollar virtually stabilized." Economic growth was fostered by a "continuing effort to reduce artificial restraints on competition" and by "major improvements" in the nation's transportation system. "After long years of debate, the dream of a great St. Lawrence Seaway, opening the heartland of America to ocean commerce, has been fulfilled." The federal-state highway system "has been pushed rapidly forward," and 25% of the planned network is now open to traffic. "Our nation benefits also from a remarkable improvement in general industrial peace through strengthened processes of free collective...
...Senate in 1954, Kennedy was the first Massachusetts Senator or Representative to vote for the St. Lawrence Seaway. His longshoremen constituents were furious, and the New England press dubbed him "the Suicide Senator" for supporting a scheme that could only damage the port of Boston. But Kennedy reasoned that Canada would undoubtedly build the seaway alone if the U.S. held aloof, decided that the nation might as well share in its ultimate benefits...