Word: sectarianism
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Sectarian Ambiance. By contrast, Maryland permits state-taxpayer suits -and starting in 1962, the Maryland general assembly created a state college-aid program that parallels the federal setup. Four bills provided $2,500,000 for new facilities at four church-related colleges-Hood (United Church of Christ), Western Maryland (Methodist), Notre Dame and St. Joseph's (Roman Catholic). All of the bills were challenged by 13 Maryland taxpayers and the Horace Mann League, an association of 500 public-school educators. The state court's decision, they hoped, would, by inference, hold the federal programs unconstitutional...
...primary effect that neither advances nor inhibits religion." It did not matter that the grants were specifically limited to nonreligious purposes-construction of dormitories and science buildings. Instead, the court asked whether each church college was so permeated by religion that a secular grant would automatically aid its sectarian ambiance...
Going Beyond a Charter. Academically, the renaissance of religion at Stanford began in 1962, when Theologian Brown was hired away from Manhattan's Union Theological Seminary as professor of religion. Guided by a 19th century charter that forbade any sectarian instruction in doctrine, the university did not even have a lecturer in religion until 1951. Now the religion teaching staff, operating within the humanities division, consists of four...
...point. Not only do such exemptions raise everyone else's taxes, agreed the Maryland court, but they also give religious organizations the equivalent of indirect government grants. Even so, the court insisted, such "grants" do not violate the establishment clause because their prime purpose is secular rather than sectarian. While religious organizations get a tax break, the general public gets an even bigger break through such church activities as aid to the poor and aged, day nurseries, care of the sick, and efforts to eliminate racial inequalities. Said the Maryland decision: "The performance of these functions by private agencies...
...Boerne, Tex., school board hired two Roman Catholic Benedictine sisters to teach math and English, now faces petitions from Protestants who claim that the sisters' habits constitute "silent, striking teaching of sectarian religion...