Word: secularize
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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Nowhere is the tension between work and faith more pronounced than in France. There, laïcité, or secularism, dictates that religion should be confined to the private sphere. Though the 1978 Islamic Revolution in Iran shattered the long-cherished view that modernization inevitably pushes people away from faith and toward secularism, French Muslim professionals say they often face the assumption from their colleagues that career success will have this effect. "If you're doing well, they assume you're one of them, and so you're secular," says Parisian Muslim Zoubeir Ben Terdeyet, a consultant with an international...
...result was a cowed and pacified country ruled by a new President -Suharto - with a practiced beatific smile, anti-Communist credentials which a Cold War-obsessed America would reward, a secular philosophy that tamped down religious extremism, and a military that no one could question. He brought an end to the hyperinflation of Sukarno's reign and eradicated the country's widespread hunger by establishing Indonesian self-sufficiency in rice. Stability attracted billions of dollars in foreign investment. "Suharto built Indonesia and we have him to thank for modern buildings, ports and harbors," says Kuntoro Mangkusubroto, a former mines...
...sent company profits dramatically downward; Jakarta's stock market crashed. Food prices spiked upwards, leading to rioting in the streets and the death of perhaps hundreds of people clamoring for food in the capital. The country's divisions re-emerged: Muslims vs. non-Muslims; Malay-Indonesians vs. Chinese-Indonesians; secular Muslims vs. orthodox Muslims. The ghosts of the old Indonesia that Suharto thought he had exorcised had returned to haunt the country...
...Bhutto was the most powerful advocate of secular democracy and had the courage to confront both Islamic militants and Musharraf's autocratic government. Bhutto's untimely death leaves the Bush Administration with no clear strategy. The U.S. must follow up aggressively to make sure that Musharraf honors Bhutto's memory by continuing the democratic process for which she so bravely gave her life. President George W. Bush must demand that opposition leader Nawaz Sharif be allowed to run and that the fired Supreme Court judges be reinstated. American policy must be directed at building a strong democracy in Pakistan. Waris...
Bhutto was the most powerful advocate of secular democracy and had the courage to confront both Islamic militants and Musharraf's autocratic government. Bhutto's untimely death leaves the Bush Administration with no clear strategy. The U.S. must follow up aggressively to make sure that Musharraf honors Bhutto's memory by continuing the democratic process for which she so bravely gave her life. President George W. Bush must demand that opposition leader Nawaz Sharif be allowed to run and that the fired Supreme Court judges be reinstated. American policy must be directed at building a strong democracy in Pakistan. Waris...