Word: secularizing
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Arafat will be able to bring his Fatah group and most Arab leaders on board, but the secular rejectionists will continue to undermine him as they can. The more serious threat to his agreement looms inside the occupied territories. He is about to take charge of the 30-mile-long Gaza Strip, which contains 44% of the Palestinians under Israeli occupation, most of them packed into poverty- stricken refugee camps dominated by violent street gangs and, increasingly, by the Islamic fundamentalists of Hamas...
...carnage on that leafy street was another link in a chain of bloody attacks that has swept over Egypt for the past 19 months. A shadowy coalition of Islamic fundamentalist groups has proved its willingness to use any means, no matter how lethal, to overthrow the secular government of President Hosni Mubarak, a key ally of the U.S. In response, the Cairo government and its security forces have shown they will raid, arrest and hang as many militants as they think it will take to stamp out the insurrection...
...true that almost every secular Arab state from North Africa to the Persian Gulf confronts a fundamentalist threat. But they would face it even without subversion from abroad. "The problems in Egypt," says a U.S. expert, "stem from problems in Egypt. I don't think Iranian or Sudanese support is the cause for what's going on." Egypt is plagued by a pervasive discontent with the country's poverty, unemployment and corruption and a widespread conviction that things are not getting better. The slogan "Islam is the solution" is embraced by millions of impoverished Egyptians who have been completely disillusioned...
...addition of Sudan to a list that includes Libya, Iraq, Iran, Syria, North Korea and Cuba was ostensibly the culmination of a review that began under the Bush Administration. But U.S. officials may have also timed the announcement to send a signal of support to Egypt, whose secular government is under assault by fundamentalists. For months President Hosni Mubarak has been publicly accusing neighboring Sudan of backing his enemies. "The Sudanese deny it," says Mubarak, "but the camps are there. They are farms. They take people not only from Egypt but also from Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and even...
...Iranians associated with Tehran's fearsome Revolutionary Guard has convinced Western intelligence agents that far more insidious activities are going on. This is the first time that Persian Shi'ite Iran has allied itself with an Arab Sunni Muslim government, but both regimes share a passionate disdain for neighboring secular states. Now that Libya and Syria are attempting to curry favor in the West by cutting their support for terrorist groups, says Philip Robins, Middle East expert at London's Royal Institute of International Affairs, "Sudan is the best ally Iran...