Word: sediment
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...Geobacter has an even more remarkable talent. Just as the microbes can give electrons to iron, they will gladly donate them to an electrode, which creates an electrical current. Navy researchers first observed "electrified" sea muck in 2000. From this, Lovley's lab has corralled Geobacter into sediment batteries that could be powering battlefield electronics within a year...
...mapped a sinuous, 559-mile channel that slices into Gusev from the southeast and looks for all the world like a riverbed. "The water should have cut through that crater and then ponded," says Crisp. Spirit's instruments will scrutinize the crater floor, looking for evidence of lakebed sediment as well as particular minerals that form in the presence of warm water and others that form in the presence of cold...
...need for Venetian water control has never been greater. Especially high tides have caused major floods 10 times in the past 67 years alone, most disastrously in 1966, when the water in parts of the city climbed to more than 6 ft. Compression of sediment under the city, along with rising sea levels, often causes smaller floods, shutting down businesses and making sidewalks and squares impassable...
...begin solving this puzzle, scientists working in the Dry Valleys need climate records that extend over a longer period of time, and now it appears they may finally have them. In November, the University of Illinois' Doran and his colleagues retrieved a series of sediment cores from the bottom of three lakes that march up Taylor Valley like Cyclopean footprints: Fryxell, Hoare and Bonney. These cores are layered like the pages of a history book, and the record of geochemical shifts they contain can be used to reconstruct lake levels and stream flow for past centuries. Doran thinks that...
...beds in the Northeast U.S. suggests that the dinosaurs got their big break in the same way our ancestors did, through a cataclysm that killed off competing species. Scientists from Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and their colleagues have found iridium, a mineral plentiful in asteroids, in sediment about 200 million years old. Fossilized footprints show that the dinosaurs evolved very rapidly at that time, from the size of dogs to that of dragons.And fossils of fern spores suggest that these opportunistic plants also had a sudden ecological opening for colonization...