Word: segregationism
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Like Boston, St. Louis was slapped with a school-desegregation suit in 1972. But unlike Boston, where Judge Garrity forced busing two years later, St. Louis was not compelled to adopt a mandatory busing plan for some 7,000 of its 59,000 students until 1980. By then, after a...
In a landmark 1971 case, Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, the Supreme Court upheld a lower court's authority to mandate school busing where government policy had been shown to create segregation. But in its friend-of-the-court brief, Reagan's Justice Department argued last week that...
On the very same day the Court handed down its decision. Washington's Joint Center for Political Studies released a study showing that racial segregation has increased sharply in public schools over the past 15 years. That study, commissioned by a Congressional committee, also found that school districts with wide...
A significant difference in approach between King and Malcolm X was the question of means and ends. Malcolm X argued that Blacks should demand and capture their separatist solution by any means necessary. And although we have no example that Malcolm X used violence himself, this strategy was taken up...
Martin Luther King responded to the new mood of militancy he had observed at Birmingham and among Blacks as a whole. He took the occasion of a letter from a Birmingham jail, dated April 16, 1963, to warn the nation of what might happen if Black demands were not met...