Word: seismographs
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...native of Brooklyn and a graduate of New York's City College, the precise, soft-spoken Press did his doctoral studies at Columbia University and worked with Geophysicist Maurice Ewing to develop a highly sensitive seismograph that can detect even the slightest earth tremors. The device, known as the Press-Ewing seismograph, is now one of the standard tools of earth scientists around the world. Press was also one of the organizers of the International Geophysical Year (IGY), which began, in 1957, as a multidisciplined, worldwide scientific investigation of the earth and the space around it. IGY eventually grew...
Upholding Einstein. In other new experiments not concerned with biology, one of the landers will pick up and analyze a pebble (only soil has been examined to date) to get a better idea of the planet's geology. Scientists will also continue monitoring Viking 2's seismograph (the one aboard Viking 1 is disabled), which earlier picked up what may have been the only Marsquake to have occurred so far during the mission. They also plan to maneuver one of the Viking orbiters to within 50 kilometers (31 miles) of Phobos in order to get high-resolution pictures...
...Other instruments, meanwhile, will sample the contents of the Martian atmosphere, register the planet's temperatures, which range from a low of -200° during darkness to a high of +50° during the day, and record wind velocities, barometric pressures and humidity. A seismograph, placed aboard the Viking to detect Marsquakes and volcanic activity, was apparently not working at week's end, but scientists still had hopes that they could coax it into operation...
Some 4,300 years ago, the Akkadians from Mesopotamia built bathrooms with elaborate sewers, for example, and the Egyptians developed an effective contraceptive jelly. Atomic theory was postulated in classical Greece; a Chinese sage invented the seismograph...
...unusual year. Today, two History and Sciences seniors will get summa, and four History and Lit graduates will leave Harvard with summas. So, the system fluctuates, and every up and down on the honors seismograph is carefully watched by honors-conscious seniors. But it appears that in the honors departments, no set standard exists that dictates how many will receive honors each year...