Word: semen
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...while working in Hirsch's lab, Ho became expert at detecting HIV in places where few were able to find it. He was the first to show that it grows in long-lived immune cells called macrophages and among the first to isolate it in the nervous system and semen. Just as important, he showed that there isn't enough active virus in saliva for kissing to transmit the infection. "David had the Midas touch," Hirsch recalls. "Whatever he did worked...
...have been treated for more than a year. None of them show any trace of HIV in any of their blood. Ho has not forgotten, however, that zero does not always equal zero. He and Markowitz are looking for pockets of virus in the lymph tissue, the semen and the spinal fluid...
...days, forcing the patient to start the long treatment process all over again. But at least one of Ho's patients has agreed to stop taking his drugs in another year or two--after his doctors assure him that tests show no evidence of HIV in his lymph, semen, spinal fluid or elsewhere in his body. When he does, we will know, probably within a few weeks, whether the virus has returned or whether it is gone for good...
...manipulate the sperm and egg without damaging them. U.S. clinics now do thousands of icsi procedures a year, with a success rate of about 24%. The technique can help men with low sperm counts or motility, and even those who cannot ejaculate or have no live sperm in their semen as a result of vasectomy, chemotherapy or a medical disorder...
...create the tiny tears in the lining of the rectum like those that are produced during anal sex and that increase the chance of HIV infection in humans. But generally speaking, the results support the idea that the number of HIV particles found in an infected man's semen--though not in the saliva--is sufficient to be passed on through the mouth or throat. One likely route: the tonsils, which contain large numbers of the kinds of lymph cells favored by HIV and SIV. "We're not saying that oral exposure is more dangerous than anal exposure," notes...