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Another area of AIDS research Hirsch is examining is transmission of the HTLV-III virus. HTLV-III is only known to be transmitted by contaminated blood and semen. Researchers have not yet determined whether the virus can be transmitted by female genital fluids, although Hirsch has found evidence that such fluid may contain the virus. The virus can, however, be transmitted from mother to unborn child, by contaminated needles and transfusions. Since April 1985, blood banks have screened blood donations for signs of the virus...
AIDS may spread throught casual contact, Haseltine said. Although it is is currently known to be transmitted only by sex, donated blood, organs, and semen, and from pregnant mothers to their unborn children, it may also be transmissible by tears, saliva, bodily fluids, and mosquito bites...
...before the HTLV-III virus was identified and medical workers began to take simple precautions, not one case of casual transmission has ever been recorded. The virus is transmitted only when one person's bodily fluids in which it is present enter the body of another person. Blood and semen are examples of fluids which commonly carry the HTLV-III virus; on the other hand, of 83 saliva samples taken from HTLV-III carriers in a recent Massachusetts General Hospital study mentioned by Dr. Ho, the virus was found in only one of them, and in very small concentration...
...disease can be spread by heterosexual intercourse. The primary agent of infection is semen. Women get AIDS from infected men. They do not get AIDS from other women so far as is known. Men get AIDS from women far less frequently; indeed there is some debate as to whether they do so at all. The virus can be carried by a woman's blood, but whether it is present in vaginal secretions is still subject to investigation. Blood or vaginal secretions might enter a man's body through sores or other lesions. It is not certain whether open-mouth kissing...
...much as 73% of all AIDS cases in the U.S., result from homosexual intercourse between men. The most prevalent method of transmission from man to man (and possibly from man to woman) is thought to be anal intercourse, which frequently results in ruptures of the rectum, through which the semen of an infected man can enter the blood of a male or female sexual partner. The swallowing of semen, by either women or men, is suspected but not proved to be a method of transmission...