Word: serfdom
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...Russia remained absolute. Pipes thinks the peasants had the potential strength to succeed where the others had failed but that they lost the chance because they were politically unaware. Pipes is angry with the "stupid" peasant because he was too lazy to organize as a class to challenge the serfdom that was oppressing him. For this reason, the peasant was "ill-suited for any political system except an authoritarian or anarchistic one," and he let the opportunities of the intelligentsiarun revolution pass...
...economists to foresee the 1929 crash, he was cited by the academy for his work on the relative efficiency of different types of economic systems. The system that he has criticized most is the one advocated by Myrdal. In his 1944 international bestseller, The Road to Serfdom, Von Hayek warned that centralized planning, however idealistic, inexorably leads to the loss of freedom...
...feel stirrings of ambition. As the movie begins, she has just been divorced from her husband (Friedhelm Ptok), a stalwartly selfish book editor. Her departure was caused partly by her own restlessness and partly by her husband's view of woman's estate as somewhere just above serfdom. He retains custody of their young son. For Elisabeth to have any chance to win her child back, she must prove to the German court that she leads "a moral life...
...great leveler. " Under certain circumstances," says Andreski. "the impact of war undermines hereditary privileges, which lower the efficiency of the armed forces, and thus diminishes inequality between classes." In Prussia, that bellicose 19th century European state, "the introduction of general military service led to the abolition of serfdom: later to the establishment of a parliament, and eventually to the setting up of the first scheme of industrial insurance in the world." Andreski also maintains, though less persuasively, that universal suffrage was one of the products of the first World War. NATIONALISM. Conquest, says Andreski, not only demolishes states but also...
...persuaded them to take a class-conscious view of history. By its achievement, it seems to have given them more self-esteem and pride in their country than the mass of Russians have ever had before. Gone is the obsequious muzhik whose manners were formed by centuries of serfdom. No longer pervasive is the type that Lenin belittled as "the exhausted, hysterical, misery-mongering intellectual who, publicly beating his breast, cries: 'I am bad, I am vile...