Word: serotonin
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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These responses, said Weigher, are probably caused by the release of one of two neurotransmitter substances, of the class amines, known as serotonin and octopamine...
...that point, researchers began attempting to identify all of the nerve cells which contained serotonin. When they did in fact find the 120 cells that contained serotonin, it turned out that these cells did not cause the lobsters to assume either posture...
Instead, Kravitz's team found a pair of large serotonin-containing cells, which, when stimulated, bias the system towards either stimulation or inhibition of the muscles involved in the postures...
Weiger said that the lobster model may be applicable to human hormonal systems as well. Octopamine is the lobster's analogue to the human amine norepineophrine, and serotonin occurs in humans. Both of these substances, along with dopamine, have been implicated in depression, schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease...