Word: serums
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...serum of guinea pigs is especially rich in complement, an essential factor in the Wassermann and other tests. Dr. Heidelberger and his associates (he is now professor of immunochemistry at Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons) found chemical ways of making guinea-pig serum go twice as far. As he puts it. with a dry smile: "Rivers of guinea-pig blood could have been saved if these methods had been known 50 years ago." He is too modest to add that millions of blood tests now performed in research laboratories every day are simpler, quicker, cheaper...
...Cohn, a perfectionist, this was grossly wasteful. Usually, only one or two components of plasma were needed for each case. So he set to work in his laboratory, separating blood fluid into its many fractions, and soon had a practical method for extracting serum albumin. This was less bulky than plasma, kept better, and was far more economical. But it was not good enough for Cohn...
During a scientific career which spanned more than 30 years, Dr. Cohn aided in the development of liver extract for the treatment of pernicious anemia, serum albumin for use in cases of battlefield and accident shock, and several other medically important blood products. His work led directly to the recent discovery of gamma globulin as an immunizing agent against polio...
...radioactive antibodies as "guided missiles" against cancerous tissue was reported by Doctors David Pressman and Leonhard Korngold, both of Memorial Center. They injected a suspension of mouse cancer into rabbits, whereupon the rabbits reacted by producing antibodies with a special affinity for the invading cancer cells. Serum containing these antibodies was taken from the rabbits and combined with radioactive iodine, then injected into the cancerous mice. When the cancers were later removed from these mice, the doctors found that the radioactive antibodies had concentrated in the malignant tissue. The hope: to transport destructive amounts of radioactivity to human cancer tissue...
...young doctor in Vienna, Schick worked with Clemens von Pirquet on serum sickness and similar sensitivities. The two coined the word "allergy." Von Pirquet hit upon the tuberculin test, which shows whether the subject has (or has ever had) tuberculosis, and Schick thought the same idea might be applied to other diseases. What he got was slightly different but more valuable: a remarkably accurate and fairly simple test which shows whether a subject is vulnerable to diphtheria...