Word: shadowgraphs
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...bronze statues in the 1920s were cast. Ordinary X-ray equipment would not penetrate deeply enough to show the interior of the sculpture. But on Sept. 15, Noble, using equipment developed to inspect the six-inch-thick steel hulls of nuclear submarines, was able to have a gamma-ray shadowgraph made. "They held up the film dripping wet, and for the first time I could see inside the horse," he says. "I could see the sand core, the iron wire and the iron points. That...
...painting without doing any damage, it has long been an indispensable tool for art historians. Layers of paint on canvas (including the liberal amounts of white lead used by old masters to lighten their pigments) absorb X rays in varying amounts, thus producing on a negative a revealing shadowgraph. To the trained art scholar's eye, an X ray of a painting can often reveal its whole history, from the first unseen priming coat the artist put on the canvas, through the artist's corrections and overpainting, to the final surface that meets the gallerygoer...
...masses of varying density. Barnes and Bellinger caught these rapid changes in air density by means of an extremely fast mercury lamp with an exposure of less than one-millionth of a second. The light, flashed through a region of disturbed air, recorded on a photographic plate a "shadowgraph" showing groups of bunched air molecules. Using a more elaborate rig, which has a knife-edge that stops all but the bent light rays, the experimenters developed a technique so sensitive that it can photograph the heat rising from a human hand at room temperature...
...method of revealing the true identity of an artist's work, X-ray shadow-graphs have proved, the Fogg exhibition reveals, that four paintings previously accredited to the artist Gorgione are not his. By imagining how to hold a brush, following the strokes in the shadowgraph print, a student can reproduce the size, shape, speed and direction of the artist's brush-stroke, an excellent means of study...
...European War affected the Museum's program of obtaining X-ray shadowgraph of paintings. An exchange of shadowgraph material arranged with the National Gallery, London, and with the Louvre, Paris, was interrupted and during the past year only nine such prints were received from London, and none from Paris. The Fogg Museum collection of X-rays of paintings now numbers 4,099, Mr. Forbes reported...