Word: shah
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Since the creation of the Jewish state in 1948, the Israelis have tried to cultivate relations with non-Arab nations in the Middle East, such as Turkey and Iran. While the Shah was in power, Israel openly supplied arms to the Iranian military. But Israeli intelligence also cultivated ties with Iranian army officials after the 1979 revolution. In order to keep the relationship strong, then Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin shipped weapons and ammunition to Tehran in early...
...early 1985 Adnan Khashoggi, a wealthy Saudi businessman, entered the picture. Khashoggi fostered ties to two Israeli arms merchants: Yaacov Nimrodi, a former army colonel and longtime Israeli military attache in Tehran during the Shah's reign; and Al Schwimmer, the founding president of Israel Aircraft Industries and a close friend of then Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres. He brought them together with Manucher Ghorbanifar, an Iranian arms dealer who was close to Iran's Prime Minister. According to the New York Times, the four met in London, where Ghorbanifar proposed that the Israelis ship TOW antitank missiles and Hawk...
...that the Chinese agreed to sell Iran last summer. Others wonder whether the Iranian war effort may at last be faltering, a notion that is dismissed by many observers. Says an Iraqi official in Baghdad: "When Khomeini was in exile in Paris, he said he had three enemies: the Shah, Jimmy Carter and (Iraqi President) Saddam Hussein. He brought down the Shah, he thinks he brought down Carter through the hostage crisis, and now he's intent on achieving his third...
...much more than wink: some of the arms and parts were bought by private Israeli businessmen and then forwarded to Iran, which wound up paying the bill. The delivery of such items had been blocked by the Carter Administration, however, after the Khomeini-led revolution toppled the Shah and acquiesced in the seizure of the U.S. embassy by Iranian militants in 1979. The Reagan Administration, in line with its outspoken neutrality in the gulf war, has a long-standing and strongly advocated policy against arms sales to Iran...
...back OPEC exports to several Western nations, including the U.S., more than quadrupled oil prices within 15 months and caused a severe global slump and then nearly a decade of rising inflation. By 1979, however, OPEC was already slipping from Saudi control. In that year the fall of the Shah of Iran led to a second worldwide oil shock, which nearly doubled prices once again and brought on the sharp recession of 1982. The downturn, combined with conservation and the development of new energy sources, considerably reduced the group's power. Since late 1985 the world has been awash...