Word: shah
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Iraq has its own Kurdish problem, and it was a key cause of the present war. In 1975 the Shah of Iran signed an agreement with Iraq that gave Iran a share of the Shatt al Arab waterway at the head of the gulf in exchange for the Shah's withdrawal of support for Kurds fighting the Baghdad regime. Iraqi President Saddam Hussein launched his war against Iran in 1980 partly to recover what he had signed away five years earlier. He now has fewer problems with Kurds than Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini does, largely because he created an autonomous...
...quibble with the editors' rather broad definition of an expert. Richard Nixon is included ("When the President does it, that means it is not illegal," 1977). Also Jimmy Carter ("Because of the greatness of the Shah, Iran is an island of stability in the Middle East," 1977). Also Ronald Reagan, often. But so are laboratories full of more justly certified savants like Lord Kelvin, the respected British physicist ("X rays are a hoax," circa 1900), and Dr. Linard Williams, medical officer to the Insurance Institute of London, who said in 1932: "If your eyes are set wide apart...
...Kuwait was also concerned about its more than 250,000 Shi'ite Muslims, some of whom were sympathetic to Iran's Islamic revolution. Yet Iranian bullying compelled many Shi'ites to renounce Iran's politics, causing a change in Kuwait's orientation. "What the Shah failed to do," says one bitter opposition leader, "[Ayatullah Ruhollah] Khomeini is actually succeeding in doing. The Shah wanted to force us into an alliance with the Americans in the region. Now Khomeini is forcing us into that alliance by fear...
...meantime, both Iran and Iraq bombed civilian targets on the ground. Iraq mounted a raid on the northern Iranian border town of Baneh, killing several hundred people who had gathered to celebrate the anniversary of the 1963 riots against the Shah. In response, Iran sent shells crashing into Iraq's beleaguered port of Basra; Iraq retaliated by hitting the Iranian oil city of with a single missile, killing twelve people. Some observers thought the activity was a prelude to another, long-awaited &quoet;human wave" offensive by Iran, a view reinforced by a decloration of Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini that...
According to U.S. officials, the two Iranian F-4 Phantom jets, which were supplied to Iran by the U.S. in the days of the Shah, took off from their base at Bushire shortly before noon last Tuesday. On the prowl for likely naval targets, they flew down the gulf near the Saudi island of Al Arabiyah, where they ran straight into a patrol of Saudi F-15 planes. Highflying U.S. AWACS planes had tracked the Iranian jets across the gulf, then Saudi coastal radar picked them up when they came within range. With the Saudi technician aboard the AWACS plane...