Word: shahs
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Some U.S. officials who had been derisively calling Gemayel "the mayor of Beirut" because of his shrunken domain began referring to him still more sarcastically as "the shah of Baabda." To defend even the areas he still holds, the Christian President has left only about half the army that the U.S. helped train and equip. The melting away of the Fourth Brigade removed 2,000 of the 22,000 to 25,000 combat troops supposedly answering Gemayel's orders at the beginning of February. An additional 10,000 Muslim soldiers are staying in their barracks and refusing to fight...
Unidentified assassins gunned down the Libyan Ambassador to Italy, Ammar el Taghazi, last month. More recently, two radical terrorist groups claimed responsibility for the fatal shooting on a Paris street of Gholam Ali Oveissi, who commanded Iran's army under the Shah. The next day the United Arab Emirates Ambassador to France, Khalifa Ahmed Abdel Aziz Mubarak, was slain as he left his Paris home. Italy is not alone in serving as a killing ground for Middle Eastern vendettas, and the Red Brigades, specialists in death, may have found new life through ties to the Middle East...
THROUGHOUT the 35-year reign of the Shah, border conflicts between Iran and Iraq never escalated beyond short exchanges of gunfire. But in the fall of 1980, not a year after Khomeini returned to Iran. Iraqi president Saddam-Hossein launched a full-scale surprise attack into Iran. Today, almost half a million people have died and the two nations continue to wage...
What were Saddam-Hossein's reasons for attacking Iran? Certainly, the Iraqi president hoped to take advantage of the political turmoil in Iran and the chaotic state of the Iranian army--most of its ablest generals were purged after the Shah's ouster--to settle an old border dispute. But this was the least of his motives; Saddam-Hossein, whose regime has never enjoyed full domestic support, meant to use the war to solidify his domestic political standing. Khomeini had just made public his plans to export Iran's Islamic revolution, and Iraq, with its large population...
DIED. Gholam Ali Oveissi, 65, former commander of the Iranian army under the Shah, who became known as the Butcher of Tehran for a 1978 incident in which he ordered his troops to fire into a vast crowd of anti-Shah demonstrators, killing, by one count, more than 4,000 men, women and children; of a gunshot wound; in Paris. Oveissi was strolling along the fashionable Rue de Passy with his brother and a family friend when a lone gunman walked up behind the men and fired a 9-mm pistol at pointblank range. Both Oveissis died instantly; the third...