Word: shahs
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...Kurds resumed their fight, this time with the backing of the Shah of Iran. But they were abandoned when the Shah and Saddam Hussein cut a deal. Iran agreed to halt aid to the Kurds, and in exchange Iraq agreed to share sovereignty of the Shatt al-Arab waterway, which provides access to the Persian Gulf...
...Iran-Iraq war. In theory, the roughly 122 combat planes in the group would increase the Iranian air force fleet by some 66%. But in reality, the Soviet- and French-made craft are of little use. Because its own planes are American-made -- a legacy of the U.S.-backed Shah, who fell from power in 1979 -- Iran has neither spare parts nor properly trained pilots and technicians. Since the planes arrived in their new home, they have sat unattended on tarmacs, subject to dust storms and inclement weather; they would probably require significant refurbishing before becoming airworthy again...
...hindsight. The great "Who lost Kuwait?" debate was on. Revisionism was rampant. But what was clear was that the roots of a failed policy went back more than a decade. The American embrace of Saddam Hussein began on Nov. 4, 1979, when the Islamic revolutionaries who had overthrown the Shah of Iran seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran and took 66 Americans hostage. That cataclysmic event -- and the growing fear that Islamic fundamentalism would spread throughout the region -- became the driving force behind U.S. policy not only toward Iran but Iraq as well. Three U.S. administrations and both political parties...
...burgeoning oil revenues. Through the '70s Iraq purchased weapons from the Soviets, who were eager to extend their influence in the Middle East. Saddam's interest was to counter a U.S.-engineered arms buildup in Iran. Western sympathies shifted against Tehran after the 1979 Islamic revolution, which ousted the Shah and brought the Ayatullah Khomeini to power. After Iraq invaded Iran in 1980, France proved to be a willing supplier. China and 25 other countries also fueled the eight-year conflict by selling weapons to both sides. The war ended in 1988, but Saddam was not sated. With...
...Iraqi] problem." There is a wide range of political beliefs within the anti-war movement, so no one agenda will be acceptable to all. In our opinion, the U.S. government is the most powerful force stifling democracy and upholding the dictators and autocrats of the region (i.e., the Shah, Zia Ul-Haq, King Fahd, Hafez Assad and before August, Saddam Hussein himself...