Word: shahs
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...project was scrapped in 1977 when University professors raised objections to the human rights policies of the then-Shah of Iran and academic hiring policies in Iran...
...them. They are common knowledge to people who don't believe in getting all their education from Hollywood films. Superficial Gandhi admirers will be disheartened by the revelations in the article and may lose their initial "optimistic enthusiasm" but the real Gandhi admirers will, I hope, persevere. Hemen Shah...
...Jalal Ganje'i, 40, has been a professor of Islamic theology in Iran and Iraq. In the early 1960s he was a student of the Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini, the spiritual leader of the Iranian revolution. In those days, both men were opposed to the repressive rule of the Shah of Iran, and Ganje'i spent several years in jail for his dissident activities. After the Shah's fall, Ganje'i sided with what he calls the "progressive" Islam of the Mujahedin-e Khalq, a guerrilla organization that is now trying to overthrow the Tehran government...
...Within the seminaries, clergymen of different schools did criticize Khomeini's views, but we had to postpone this battle until after the collapse of the Shah. On the eve of the post-Shah era, the Mujahedin wasted no time demanding a program of change that sharply contradicted Khomeini's avowed views and intentions. The monarchy was still in its death throes when the single most vital issue of the revolution surfaced: the battle between two Islams, the Islam of progress vs. the Islam of backwardness, the Islam of freedom and human dignity vs. the Islam of torture...
...This is an epithet dreamed up by the Shah and later propagated by Khomeini and company. To answer your question, we must first establish what Marxism is. If it is dialectic materialism and historical determinism and, by later additions, the dictatorship of the proletariat, it is certainly not the Mujahedin's Islam. If dedication to social justice is Marxism, then the Mujahedin are Marxists. If opposition to class privilege and exploitation is Marxism, then the Mujahedin are Marxists. Of course, in this case, you have to say that Moses, Jesus Christ and Muhammad were Marxists...