Word: shales
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...companies that have flocked offshore have to drill down through as much as 300 ft. of water and 16,000 ft. of mud and shale. A single successful well costs as much as $3,000,000, about six times the cost of a similar dry-land operation. The lease on a giant three-legged drilling platform, such as Kerr-McGee's Kermac 54, now jack-legged this week into 180 ft. of water 80 miles from shore, runs to $8,000 a day. Oil companies so far have invested $4.25 billion in offshore operations, recovered $1.75 billion...
...danger out of mining, and huge machines eliminate the physical exhaustion. In a typical truck mine a man crawls into a low tunnel supported by timbers, blasts his coal with dynamite, and shovels it out onto carts by hand. There is always the danger of heavy chunks of shale falling on a man from the mine ceiling. The work is tough, grimy, and hazardous. At Inland's mine the roof is supported by long bolts, and the coal is blasted with compressed air. A 35 foot long machine with a giant sword cuts the coal, and another monster resembling...
...ENERGY. Demand for energy is expected to triple by the end of the century. Oil and natural gas will gradually decline in importance as the most productive fields are exhausted. Large coal reserves may take their place, and oil shale and lignite may be used. Atomic energy will provide at least half of all U.S. electricity in the year...
...desolate, mountainous region, where the rivers run black over slate and shale. Its miners are a tough, hardy folk, for the equipment they use is outmoded, the coal they dig is of low quality and difficult to extract; a man's average output is only six-tenths of a ton in an eight-hour day, perhaps one-twentieth of a U.S. coal miner's production...
Ancient Glider. Dr. Colbert recognized the importance of the discovery. The age of Granton's black shale is known quite accurately; it formed as silt on the bottom of the great lake that covered the Jersey meadows 175 million years ago. In that dim age, the famous flying reptiles, the pterosaurs, had not yet evolved. Yet here was a reptile equipped with something like wings. Dr. Colbert took the fossil to the laboratory, where skilled technicians spent months clearing shale from around the delicate bones...