Word: shantung
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Dates: during 1920-1929
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...kingdom--the independence of Korea--, and the Japanest domination of Manchuria, were among the first fruits of the Alliance. Without the Alliance the result of the Russo-Japanese War would have been different. In 1914, before--Japan mobilized to attack Tsing-Tao, the former German leasehold in Shantung, she called on Great Britain for joint action, basing her request on the Alliance. That was the beginning of this complicated international problem of Shantung, which the iniquitous decision of the Paris Peace Conference has made known the world over. Then the Shantung question started the notorious '21 Demands of 1915, whose...
...defined when he asked the European Powers to accept the Open Door as the foundation of their relations with China, the article which Philander Knox amplified when he proposed the neutralization of the Manchurian Railways, and the article which Woodrow Wilson repudiated when he consented to the cession of Shantung to Japan. An international agreement which initiated a promising settlement of the problem of China would accomplish as much for the future peace of the world as would a healing of the quarrel between France and Germany, and it would remove one of the most formidable obstacles to the limitation...
...done it with a less degree of harshness toward the unfortunate American personality involved, and with a more subdued sense of the pent-up wrongs of the Conference than either Keynes or Dillon. Only upon the question of the secret diplomacy of the "big Four" and the Shantung settlement does he exhibit in his memoranda the inflamed state of mind that burned beneath his constant dignity and forbearance. For Mr. Lansing the Conference was an uncharted course of neglected counsel, cutting rebuffs and purposed ignorance as to the American programme...
...accept the President's guidance "with increasing reluctance", were (1) the separation of the Covenant from the Treaty, (2) the doctrine of self-determination, (3) the proposed treaty with France, (4) the lack of an American programme, (5) secret diplomacy, (6) the system of mandates and (7) the Shantung settlement. The nearest approach to agreement came on the Flume question and was there confined to the principles involved...
...been intimated further that Japan is clinging to Yap for purposes of negotiation: ownership of land in California, the occupation of Siberia, the Shantung question, and various other phases of Japanese policy would be accorded settlement more favorable to Nippon if she held the whip hand over us by virtue of the Yap dispute. With this in mind, the Japanese stand firm upon the question. But mature consideration of the place which the United States now holds in the financial and commercial world, and the keystone position she maintains with reference to German reparations would seem to indicate that...