Word: shapes
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...Hess, who studies the Chicago system, has found that the policy against social promotion has instilled a new commitment to learning among those kids who scored well enough to be promoted. Indeed, opponents of social promotion argue that the simple fear of getting held back will motivate slackers to shape up, and that the number of retainees will accordingly dwindle. "We're not out to flunk kids," says school-board president Gery Chico. "We're out to improve kids...
Despite all that, the war on social promotion will probably continue, part of a politically popular get-tough approach that emphasizes accountability in schools as the best way to get them in shape. To its credit, Chicago has poured $50 million a year into programs that directly target retainees. But that money could just as well be spent on things like smaller classes, individual tutoring and improved teacher training without also flunking massive numbers. "Retaining students," Chicago education researcher Suzanne Davenport says, "is a blame-the-victim solution." But it will last as long as politicians continue to believe they...
...such developments are nothing compared with what's taking shape in the mutual-fund industry. Coming your way: intraday fund pricing and active trading of stock funds similar to what goes on daily with individual stocks. Already, mighty Fidelity Investments prices its 38 industry funds and their $20 billion in assets every hour, though it discourages frequent trades by assessing redemption fees. Virtually all other funds are priced just once a day, at the market close. But stepping up to twice-a-day pricing, at the least, seems likely. And with today's computing power, minute-by-minute pricing...
There "seem to be entry level jobs or more senior jobs...more senior than people can get when they reach the point of being promoted," Buell says. "It's not that there are zero positions but the shape of the chart looks more like an hourglass than a pyramid...
...Tobacman's only concrete plans for next year involve his work studying banks. Still, there is every indication that his altruistic instincts will help shape his year in Indonesia...