Word: shapiros
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...only reason the news was released to the press was to emphasize its negative aspects," said Lawrence Eron, a third-year medical school student. Eron, Beckwith, and James Shapiro, a post-doctoral fellow at the Medical School, carried out the experiment during two months of last summer...
...IRVING SHAPIRO...
Substitute Signals. The automated weedkiller technique was developed by Psychologist David Shapiro and Psycho-physiologist Bernard Tursky of Harvard Medical School. It was tried first on 40 people this spring. Not everyone was able to keep down with the beeps; one participant had a relapse after his wife, unaware that he had left his Bellboy in the car, drove off on a shopping trip. But of the original 40, including a telephone man who set up the beepers, 34 stuck it out until the system had cut them down to as few as four cigarettes a day. Some have even...
...Shapiro says that the system works on the theory that smoking is a simple habit set off by "cues" - tension, ending a meal or performing a task. To break the habit, he explains, "we put people on a diet and provide them with a substitute for the old signal. The old associations have to be broken down...
...researchers plan to keep tabs on the participants to answer such questions as whether their beep technique can improve on the rather extravagant 75% to 80% "cure" rates claimed by promoters of other experimental methods. In any case, Tursky and Shapiro are confident that their technique has value, and hope to set up a program soon for dispensing the treatment more widely. Even if smokers have to use their beeper permanently, it should cost them substantially less than cigarettes...