Word: shared
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While today's summer office jobs bear scant resemblance to the long-term apprenticeships of the Middle Ages, both share the same purpose: jump-starting an ambitious new worker's career. In the trade guilds of 11th century England, a worker would actually pay to learn alongside a "master" who would teach him a skill like printmaking. Apprenticeships could last several years and would start as early as age 16. In many cases, the apprentice was dependent upon the master for food, clothing and a place to live, though this idea eventually disappeared. As the Industrial Revolution of the 18th...
...Islamist group is not the only threat facing Nigeria. The country is one of Africa's biggest oil exporters, and yet some 70% of its people live in abject poverty. A string of devastating attacks by militants demanding a greater share of the oil wealth in the Niger Delta, in the south, has reduced oil output by a third, hitting government revenues. This week's fighting will add to the sense that the government is losing control. "The government is no longer in control of the security situation outside the main cities," says a senior U.S. diplomat in Abuja...
...tribe and then the clan levels—the more prominent a social role a last name plays. For example, though membership to any one clan can number in the thousands, no two people of the same clan—that is, two people out of hundreds who share the same last name—can marry...
...much emphasis on any one person or group when we discuss familial allegiance and social organization. As Americans, we readily admit the individualistic nature of our citizenry: 18-year-olds eagerly await the day they can move out of the homes of their parents—with whom they share a last name—to live on their own, for example. And relatives who reside in different cities or states can go without seeing other family members for months at a time, until holidays once or twice a year—if even that...
Milan's measure was quickly applauded by the city's most powerful native son, Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, who has had his fair share of festas but is not known as a heavy drinker. The 72-year-old billionaire Prime Minister encouraged other municipalities to follow Milan's lead, and by last week, there was a second city making a change to tackle underage drinking. The western Sicilian city of Caltagirone, famous as the birthplace of Don Luigi Sturzo, a Catholic priest and the father of Italy's modern Christian Democratic Party, will not punish underage consumers - or their parents...