Word: sheikhs
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...likely to demand the right of passage through Suez and to insist on keeping some of the real estate that they picked up during their four-day blitz-most notably Old Jerusalem, the highlands west of the River Jordan running from Jenin through Bethlehem to Hebron, and Sharm el Sheikh, which controls access to the Gulf of Aqaba...
...back up its threat, it set up guns on the heights of Sham el Sheikh and trained them on the narrow Tiran Strait that controls the gulf's entrance, planted mines in parts of the passage, and sent torpedo boats and jets to patrol the waters. Israel announced that it would consider a blockade of the Gulf of Aqaba "an act of war." The U.S., joined by Britain and France, made it clear that it considered the gulf to be international waters and would oppose any Arab attempt to close it off indefinitely...
...longer the blockade lasts, the more restless and apprehensive the Israelis are bound to become. They never forget that in 1956 it took Israeli troops only five days to reach Sharm el Sheikh and silence the guns that had closed the Gulf of Aqaba to their ships...
...take the job. As Grand Mufti of Egypt from 1955 until 1961, he issued thousands of rulings and interpretations on religious matters. As the 39th rector of Al Azhar, Mamoun's responsibilities are even more impressive. The post carries with it the titles of Grand Imam and Sheikh of Islam, which makes Mamoun the nearest thing to a Moslem pope. Yet with Egypt struggling to slough off its feudal ways, he must also guide the university toward turning out the educated elite essential to run a modern nation...
...school, mired for centuries in rote teaching of the Koran, is already in the midst of a thriving renaissance. Mamoun's predecessor, Sheikh Mahmoud Chaltout, a leading scholar of the Koran who died in December, opened a school of commerce, made the study of English compulsory, revised the medieval law curriculum, established a separate college for girls. The government built an ultramodern "City of Islamic Missions" where Al Azhar's 3,600 foreign students, including six Americans, live in national dormitories with their own kitchens and common rooms...