Word: shied
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...solidly together for very long. But neither was it expected that the Marxists, well disciplined and well armed, would emerge so soon as a challenge to Iran's provisional government. It was plain from the beginning that the Marxists had aims that differed sharply from those of the fervent Shi'ite mullahs and their followers. But the speed and efficiency with which the Marxists moved last week raised serious questions about the ability of Khomeini and Bazargan to hold on to the reins of revolution. When armed units of the two forces clashed during the assault on the American embassy...
Those who know the Ayatullah expect that eventually he will settle in the Shi'ite holy city of Qum and resume a life of teaching and prayer. It seems improbable that he would try to become a kind of Archbishop Makarios of Iran, directly holding the reins of power. Khomeini believes that Iran should become a parliamentary democracy, with several political parties. But he is unlikely to withdraw to shadows and silence until Iran adopts a new constitution and the threat of civil war is removed...
...Iraq, acting with the cooperation of Jordan and Saudi Arabia, would constitute what one Jerusalem official calls "a serious military defense problem along our northern borders." Moreover, the governments of Syria and Iraq are worried about the current upheaval in Iran and the rising militancy of Iran's Shi'ite Muslim majority. Iraq is particularly worried because it too has a large Shi'ite population...
When the time came to mount strikes and demonstrations, a whole network of mosques, Islamic schools and neighborhood associations was in place. The Ayatullah's operation never lacked money: devout Shi'ites contribute one-fifth of their earnings, and over the years wealthy Iranian bazaar merchants contributed heavily to his cause. Throughout the crisis, Khomeini issued daily Elamiehs (bulletins) from exile counseling his followers to share their grain, return to work in the oilfields, treat soldiers with kindness, and the like. These were recorded in Persian on a cassette, then played over the phone to a headquarters...
...today is the Shah reviled and Ayatullah Khomeini revered? One reason is that millions of Iranian poor were untouched by the new wealth of the monarch's industrializing society; meanwhile, many remember the role traditionally played by the Shi'ite mullahs as protectors of the oppressed. TIME Correspondent William McWhirter talked with one peasant family, uprooted from the Ayatullah's birthplace of Khomein (pop. 12,000) in central Iran. His report...