Word: shied
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...their demands for political reforms and an end to martial law and press censorship. Tehran's normally thriving bazaar was still locked up tight. The merchants had shuttered their shops three months ago out of respect for Ayatullah Khomeini, the exiled leader of Iran's 34 million Shi'ite Muslims and the spearhead of anti-Shah dissent. At his headquarters outside Paris, Khomeini repeated his do-or-die demands that the Shah must...
...whom the Shah considered for the post only three weeks ago was Karim Sanjabi, leader of the opposition National Front. But then Sanjabi went to Paris and pledged his loyalty to Ayatullah Khomeini, the exiled leader of Iran's Shi'ite Muslims. When Sanjabi returned to Iran, he was arrested. There have been rumors in Tehran that the Shah has had secret meetings with Sanjabi. Not true. In fact, he no longer finds Sanjabi acceptable. Nor does the Shah feel that there is any way to negotiate with Khomeini. After trying several times to make peace with...
Recalling other struggles between the Shi'ites and earlier rulers dating back to the 16th century, the Shah believes that history is on his side. In his view, his most important accomplishments were wresting the province of Azerbaijan from Soviet hands after World War II, nationalizing Iranian oil, settling border differences with Iraq, and gaming possession of many of the islands in the Persian Gulf. But he does not think it does any good to dwell on the past...
AYATULLAH KHOMEINI, 80, chief mullah (religious leader) of the country's Shi'ite Muslim sect, to which 93% of all Iranians adhere, and symbol of resistance to the Shah. Khomeini was exiled in 1963 for opposing the Shah's land-reform program, ostensibly because it conflicted with Islamic law. He directs an almost messianic campaign to overthrow the Shah from a white stucco house in the French village of Neauphle-le-Château, not far from the home of Brigitte Bardot. Five times a day French gendarmes stop traffic while the ayatullah (a Persian term meaning...
AYATULLAH SHARIETMADARI, 76, a Shi'ite scholar who speaks for the conservative, religious-based resistance to the Shah from within Iran, as Khomeini speaks for it from without. Sharietmadari, who lives in the holy city of Qum, is slightly less militant than his fellow mullah. He believes in an Islamic state but has not ruled out a constitutional monarchy so long as it adheres to Islamic principles. A holy war, he argues, is acceptable only as a last resort-that is, if the Shah ignores the Islamic community's legitimate demands. He insists on the segregation of sexes...