Word: shielding
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...supranational Europe, not attempted since the nation-state was born with all its banners flying, though it has been a dream of statesmen from Charlemagne to Churchill, of poets from Dante to Goethe. Militarily, the Western Europeans joined with the U.S. in interposing NATO's "sword and shield" against Communist military aggression from the East...
...Communist threat to Europe has so markedly declined in recent years that NATO's importance is increasingly a matter of politics and status. De Gaulle is correct enough when he asserts that NATO is essentially an American command. The NATO "sword" remains the U.S. nuclear arsenal. The NATO shield is the 27 divisions, six of them American, twelve West German, that are assigned for integrated use in the event of a Soviet land attack on Western Europe. Many of NATO's divisions, including German ones, are equipped with tactical nuclear weapons-but in all cases the warheads remain...
...just begun building its own independent force de frappe, and Eisenhower had turned down a proposal for a U.S., British and French triumvirate to direct the West's global strategy. From that point on, the general gradually withdrew more and more of the French military part of the shield from NATO. Last September he proclaimed: "In 1969, at the latest, the subordination known as 'integration' which is provided for by NATO and which hands our fate over to foreign authority shall cease...
...willing to consider bilateral defense arrangements with Washington. For NATO, France's departure could be awkward but hardly fatal; for De Gaulle, it would be easy and would hardly change a thing. Sheltered behind Germany, France will have to be defended by NATO's sword and shield, member or not, in the event of Russian attack. So De Gaulle can have his gateau and eat it too. The U.S. simply intends to keep an empty chair waiting for France's return at some future date-A.D.G., or apres De Gaulle...
What's Right? Los Angeles Lawyer Herman F. Selvin, representing the American Civil Liberties Union, argued in the affirmative. "The right to acquire a home historically has been considered as basic to life as the right to acquire food," declared Selvin. Nonetheless, he said, California has erected "a shield for racial discrimination" by denying court relief for Negroes when they seek to buy a house in a generally white neighborhood...