Word: shifts
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...older workers, because they can pay newer workers less. One chef went, during my year there, from a line chef (the main chefs, responsible for preparing the entrees), to a pastry chef, to a salad preparer, and was on his way to becoming a baker working an overnight shift when I left the club. They could not fire him or reduce his wages (thanks to the union), but they could humiliate him into leaving...
...America: "There are a lot more 'good' companies. Originally, way back, corporate responsibility had to do with an external commitment to the community and philanthropic contributions. Now it's even broader." Says Craig Smith, president of Corporate Citizen, a watchdog group in Seattle: "There has been a dramatic shift. It's less about how much money a company gives and more about whether a company offers its intellectual capacities, its technology, and develops programs that focus on what to do to affect society...
Time Warner and Turner, at first asked for a decision by June, but have now told the FTC not to rush, no doubt hoping further study will shift the commissioners' mood in the companies' favor...
...term "African-American" is not new. But black leaders who endorsed the change saw the shift as a cultural statement, a move beyond the exigencies that drove the adoption of "black" itself 30 years ago. In 1988, Jackson argued that to be called "black" made the community "baseless," while "African-American" restored the community's "cultural integrity" and "proper historical context." Ramona Edelin, president of the National Urban Coalition, said in 1989 that "African-American" stood as an expression of unity with Africa and the African diaspora, of whom African-Americans were first and foremost a part...
...might be argued that this shift simply represents a different historical moment: blacks, confident in their position within American culture, should now identify with a larger global community. Perhaps the shift to "African-American" is part of a larger multicultural strategy, whereby blacks seek to place themselves within an America made up of many different cultural groups. But the cultural dualities that have confronted Asian-Americans should demonstrate the dangers of identifying with the "homeland." And perhaps blacks should be wary of giving up the cultural leverage that their unique, hard-won identity in American culture gives them...