Word: shkolnik
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Dates: during 1976-1976
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...Feldman from Kiev was sentenced to 3½ years in a Soviet labor camp. The charge: knocking a cake out of a woman's hands and addressing her obscenely. Pinkhas Pinkhasov, a carpenter from Derbent, received a term of five years. The charge: overcharging for his services. Isaac Shkolnik of Vinnitsa in the Ukraine was sentenced to ten years in a labor camp for "systematically" collecting "espionage material about the Soviet Union with a view to selling it to Israeli intelligence." In none of these cases was any witness or credible evidence produced to prove the charges...
Soviet trials are decided not by jurors but by three court officials, a judge and two "people's assessors." In a case like that of Isaac Shkolnik, the Soviet authorities confronted an awkward problem. Wanting to emigrate to Israel is not, according to Soviet law, a crime, though it is disturbing to Soviet authorities since one emigre tends to encourage others to try to leave the supposed Socialist paradise. But if law is to have any general viability, its forms must be maintained. Hence charges of real, but uncommitted crimes had to be fabricated for would-be emigres. What...
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