Word: shochem
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...last chapter of the book of Joshua, the leader of the people, now very old, calls all the tribes of Israel to Shochem to renew their covenant with the Lord. Joshua sets beneath the sacred oak a great stone (the sacred Pillar) to serve as a witness of the covenant, "a witness against you, lest you deny your...
...sacred oak and pillar reappear in Judges 9, which reports the revolution touched off by Abimelech when he established himself as Israel's first king: "And all the men of Shochem assembled themselves together ... and made Abimelech king, by the oak of the pillar that was in Shochem...
...Bible does not say when any of these events in the tradition occurred. But the excavations at Shochem provide a concrete background to the story with approximate dates. These are derived from such evidence as changes that occur in the styles of pottery as the digging goes deeper and deeper...
During the previous season at Shochem, in 1960, the archaeologists reconstructed a portion of the courtyard of the temple and restored the great sacred pillar to the spot where it stood as late as the 12th century B.C. in front of the temple. However there was no reason to believe that this place in the courtyard was the city's earlier sacred area...
...reconstructing the history of the sacred area, the archaeologists supplemented their findings with photographs and maps made by earlier expeditions to Shochem by German scientists in the 1920s. These records, presumed to be lost, were found in the files of the German Evangelical Institute. The files had been stored in the basement of the Lutheran Church in Jerusalem