Word: shock
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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CZECHOSLOVAKIA. Prague began shock treatment a year later than Poland, prodded by zealous free marketeers, especially Finance Minister Vaclav Klaus. Inflation, which totaled 60% for all 1991, now runs 1% to 1.5% a month, which in Eastern Europe passes for price stability, and the country has the lowest foreign debt of all the former satellites...
...latitudes. The mechanism behind polar ozone holes was not predicted before its discovery. Could there be an undiscovered reason for ozone to vanish over temperate zones as well? Maybe so. On Jan. 12 the ER-2 swooped south instead of north. Says Anderson: "We discovered to our shock that there was ClO all the way down to the Caribbean." It was a very thin layer with concentrations of only 0.1 part per billion -- but this was much higher than anyone had predicted...
...this is where "shock treatment," the crash course in economic reform advocated by many Western economists, was supposed to work. These advisers said if price controls were lifted, if subsidies to state enterprises were stopped, if curbs on imports were ended and if currencies were allowed to trade freely, Eastern Europe could move swiftly from communist stagnation to free-market prosperity. On the way, the unavoidable pain would be initially sharper but also, it was hoped, shorter...
...this June, enabling him to continue the free-market drive. But the pain of transition has been felt most deeply in Slovakia, which is highly dependent on state-owned heavy industry. That has intensified Slovak demands for more autonomy or even independence. The government might be able to continue shock treatment only at the price of splitting the country...
There was also some common ground. Most students felt shock and anger--over something. Some had even more intense emotions...