Word: shrunk
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...hydrocarbon windfall that fueled the Russian state's recent revival appears unable to offer a solution to the crisis. Russian foreign-currency reserves that stood at almost $600 billion last August have shrunk to $485 billion as the state has been forced to spend to bail out state-run banks and prevent abrupt devaluation of the weakening ruble. There is no telling if the policy has worked, though, and there's worse to come: major state-run corporations such as Gazprom and Rosneft, as well as Russia's regional governments, have accumulated debts amounting to some $448 billion that...
...financial muscle to become a lender of last resort amidst a liquidity crisis. Although the country had been known for generations as an isolated fishing outpost off Europe, in the last few decades the national economy veered from fish to finance. According to official figures, the fishing industry shrunk from 16 percent to 6 percent of GDP between 1986 and 2006. Banking, insurance, and property, meanwhile, came to represent 26 percent of GDP by 2006. At the core of this transformation was the spectacular growth of Iceland’s three main banks, Glitnir, Landsbanki, and Kaupthing, all of which...
...past 18 months fueled extensive capital flight that has weakened the rupee and depleted forex reserves. A failure to increase the capacity of electricity production now plunges Pakistan's main cities into darkness for up to ten hours a day, with longer periods in rural areas. Industrial output has shrunk with employers now laying off employees they can no longer afford to keep. And Pakistanis have begun to take their anger to the streets. In parts of Lahore on Monday, scores of protesters laid siege to the local office of the electricity utility, ransacking the building and burning their electricity...
...years. I have saved and saved and saved so that I could afford some of the nice things that I never allowed myself when I was young," says the retired retail manager. "Now I find because of other people's stupidity that the money I have saved has shrunk...
...credit crunch is also crunching funding for new clean-energy projects. When the global economy was surging over the past several years, fossil fuel prices were surging as well; the cost of oil exceeded $150 a barrel at one point this year. The economic slowdown has shrunk those prices just as quickly, with oil now dipping below $95 a barrel. That makes renewable energy projects like wind and solar, which have to compete with fossil fuels on straight cost until a carbon price is passed, less attractive. Michael Liebreich, the chairman of the research group New Energy Finance, argued...