Word: signalization
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...miniaturized items developed by the Air Force. Once the radio denture is in place, the subject enters a Faraday cage, a metal-mesh enclosure that blocks out most outside electrical disturbances. As the subject chews and drinks in his static-free environment, his tooth transmitter gives out a signal every time two spots of gold on the chewing surfaces of two opposing teeth come together. In addition, a muscle-tension detector attached to the skin of his jaw is connected to an electromyograph. The signals from the chewing teeth and the muscle-tension record of the electromyograph are picked...
When the monkey is fully trained, its brain would be isolated, and the sound signal given to its auditory nerve. If electrical signals appear in nerves that formerly led to arm muscles, this will mean that the brain's memories of past rewards are making it try to reach for food with an arm that no longer exists...
Increases in the huge U.S. debt limit -and there have been four of them in the past two years alone-seem to signal a riproaring, breast-beating debate in Congress on Government spending. But last week, when Treasury Secretary Douglas Dillon went before the House Ways and Means Committee to request a $9 billion boost that would lift the limit to an alltime high of $324 billion, there was hardly a protest to be heard. The committee did not even bother with a roll call, instead gave speedy voice-vote approval to Dillon's request...
Though A.T. & T.'s $58 million, holding is only two-thirds of what it bid for, the block is big enough to entitle Mother Bell to share a signal honor with the President of the U.S.: each will appoint three members to Comsat's 15-man board. International Telephone & Telegraph, which bought a 10.5% holding, will name one member, while General Telephone (3.5%) and RCA (2.5%), will join, with 159 other smaller communications companies-all of which got all the shares that they asked for-to elect two members...
Though such a sprawling company is beyond the power of any one man to change it substantially, Kappel has made his mark on A.T.&T. Perhaps his signal contribution has been to increase earnings nicely by pushing through local rate increases and introducing myriad new efficiencies. Long-distance operators are now taught by programmed-instruction textbooks, which are much cheaper than human teachers; speed-reading courses have cut the average time that information operators need to look up a number from 37.6 seconds to 33.3 seconds, at an annual saving of $8,000,000. During Kappel's eight years...