Word: silicones
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...resistor. A strip of gold and chromium is a good conductor, and serves as a thin wire. Capacitors can be made by covering tantalum with an oxide that acts as an insulator and then laying on a fresh film of gold. To make a complete circuit, tiny silicon transistors are electrically bonded to the proper sites. Complicated as it is, the process is wholly automatic, and up to one hundred microcircuits can be manufactured on a piece of glass 2½ inches square...
Integrated Silicon. But the stuff gets even smaller. Integrated circuits that include everything, even transistors, are built into a single chip of silicon. Westinghouse starts with a sheet of silicon eight one-thousandths of an inch thick and about the diameter of a quarter. On top of this, an even thinner layer of extra-pure silicon is deposited by evaporation and covered with photosensitive masking material. The mask is removed in patterns, allowing successive parts of the silicon to be exposed to vapors, such as boron, that change its electrical properties. Some of the tiny areas become built-in transistors...
Split-Pea Circuit. The transistor took the complicated network of wires in a vacuum tube and condensed it into a simple, solid piece of silicon or germanium; the microcircuit reduces an entire electronic circuit composed of dozens of transistors and other components to a tiny latticework of thin metal conductors mounted on a base of such material as glass or silicon. At Texas Instruments, which shares leadership in the microcircuitry field with Motorola and Fairchild Camera, engineers have developed a piece of silicon the size of a split pea into which they have fused the equivalent of 38 transistors, five...
...carbon steel. Uddeholm sold batches of that steel to Gillette in the 1930s, but stainless blades did not catch on because shavers found them irregular in quality. A sudden and tremendous demand began a year ago, after Britain's Wilkinson Sword Ltd. brought out a blade coated with silicon plastic to make it smooth as well as sharp.* Wilkinson's steel comes from Uddeholm, which also supplies American Safety Razor and Schick. Under its research-minded president, Wilhelm Ekman, 51, Uddeholm has quadrupled its stainless blade output since 1961, now produces 80% to 90% of Sweden...
...from the steel experts to those shavers who take a sporting glee in eking out as many shaves as possible from a single blade: rinse but never wipe the blade, because that removes the silicon coat and causes the razor to snag on the beard...