Word: silicones
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...circuits [Sept. 2]. As an electronics engineer working toward a doctorate in the field, I feel a very keen anticipation for the Dick Tracy wrist TV communicator and the domestic computerized control center in each home-both well within economic possibility because of those highly processed wafers of sand (silicon). You have removed part of the mystery that the general public feels surrounding the operation and fabrication of such unfathomably tiny circuits...
...angels that could stand on the head of a pin never found a satisfactory answer. Contemporary scientists who are just as doggedly determined to see how much gadgetry they can cram into about the same amount of space have made remarkable progress. On a barely visible chip of silicon as small as one-twentieth of an inch square, they can now produce complex and virtually trouble-free electronic circuits containing more than 80 built-in transistors, diodes, resistors and capacitors...
Fairchild Camera is a misnamed com pany whose eleven divisions concentrate on electronics and also turn out a range of products from heavy multiconductor cables to printing equipment. All the excitement is over one division, the Semiconductor branch. It put Fairchild on the ground floor in miniature silicon transistors, which are more effective than the original germanium variety; last year Fairchild had 30% of the booming U.S. market for silicon transistors. Fairchild's prize division also accounts for one-third of the market for integrated circuits, which are fleck-sized components that do the work of many transistors...
...does not like the Pentagon's renegotiation of contracts. The best thing that happened to Carter was the arrival in 1957 of eight bright young scientists from the Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, led by Dr. Robert Noyce, who walked in the door with the idea of making transistors of silicon. Fairchild gambled $7,000,000 on the idea and won. Noyce, now 38, is head of the Semiconductor Division, which contributes more than 50% of Fairchild's sales and probably 98% of its profits...
...told the reflector mechanism to reduce neutron leakage. Slowly the nuclear reaction started; heat built up in the core, and a magnetic pump circulated the metallic coolant at 1020°F. through tubes in the skin of the support structure. The inner ends of 2880 pellets of a germanium-silicon material were heated while their outer ends were kept comparatively cool by heat radiation into space. The germanium-silicon combination is "thermoelectric," it changes heat to electricity, and the difference between the two temperatures caused a faint current to flow. That current added up to about 650 watts-hardly enough...