Word: skin
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Used human Skin...
...apply that method to isolating and growing the polio virus. But they had made one important change over previous attempts to grow the virus in a test-tube. It was what Zinsser would have called that last "step across to accomplished discovery." Unlike their predecessors, they had used human skin tissue-instead of nerve tissue-on which to grow the disease. Original as their final step may have been, the three associates regard their success as the by-product of all previous work and research in a field of skin culture that dates at least...
...growing the virus has centered around the impractical use of infected monkey brain as culture material. But, as there seemed to be strong evidence that polio grew in the body as well as the brain, the two men decided to try to grow the virus on ordinary human skin cells. This reasoning seemed to be a logical step, especially since the chicken-pox had been grown with human tissue...
...sure way of telling if the virus would grow," Enders pointed out later, "because we found that when it did multiply it killed the living cells of the skin. It is very easy to tell under a microscope whether or not cells are dead...
Taking some "throat washing"-saliva-from a woman infected with polio, they placed it in a test-tube with chopped-up pieces of human skin tissue, then awaited the results, hardly expecting to see any difference occur in the composition of the tissue cells...