Word: skullcaps
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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That is a bit of an oversimplification, but American Reform had long defined itself by its distance from what the skullcap represented. Its founders in 1824 were moved both by the Enlightenment idea that humans could better approach God through reason than through unquestioning faith and ceremony and by an urge to create a sleek American Judaism shorn of old-world adornments. They replaced much of the Hebrew liturgy with English. Their platform pledged allegiance to traditional Judaism's moral laws (avoiding the Hebrew word mitzvoth) but dismissed ritual observances such as rules for keeping kosher as "entirely foreign...
ZUCCHETTO White cap or skullcap...
While Dubois didn't find anything like Lucy, he discovered some intriguingly primitive fossils, a skullcap and a leg bone, in eroded sediments along the Solo River in Java. They looked partly human, partly simian, and Dubois decided that they belonged to an ancient race of ape-men. He called his creature Anthropopithecus erectus; its popular name was Java man. Over the next several decades, comparable bones were found in China (Peking man) and finally, starting in the 1950s, in Africa...
...Since the subterranean layers of rock are not so easy to study, scientists have traditionally dated Javan hominids by determining the age of fossilized extinct mammals that crop up nearby. The two fossils cited in the new Science paper were originally dated that way. The "Mojokerto child," a juvenile skullcap found in 1936, was estimated to be about 1 million years old. And a crushed face and partial cranium from Sangiran were judged a bit younger...
Examining the skullcap, ribs, part of the pelvis and some limb bones taken from the cave, Dr. William King, an Irish geologist, suggested that the fossil might be an extinct form of humanity, a different species. The skull, with its prominent brow ridge, led him to declare that "thoughts and desires which once dwelt within it never soared beyond those of a brute...