Word: skulls
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...group led by Brazilian researcher Ventura Santos produced evidence that a skull found in central Brazil not only has Negroid features similar to Australian aborigines, but predates - by almost 2,000 years - the oldest previously known human remains found in the Americas. This suggests that a race originating in Southeast Asia, not the North Asia of the Mongoloids, inhabited the Americas first. The researchers believe that an advanced group of skilled seafarers originally traveled from Asia to Australia, and, after several millennia, an offshoot of this population set sail again, this time for South American shores...
...characteristics wasn't precisely what the experts expected--they were looking to see smaller, more specialized teeth and a larger braincase. So they named their hominid Australopithecus garhi (garhi means surprise in Afar). But the skull's intermediate anatomy and its age--about 2.5 million years--put it midway in both time and form between the most recent A. afarensis and the oldest known fossils of our own genus...
...COMMENT] May be an ancestor of A. boisei and A. robustus. The fossil above, found by Richard Leakey's team, is called the Black Skull...
...COMMENT] First ancient hominid found by the Leakeys. This skull's huge molars earned it the nickname "Nutcracker...
...EMPTIVE STRIKE It's a cruel but common outcome: a patient with lung cancer appears to be in complete remission, but then dies when the disease spreads to the brain. Prophylactic radiation of the skull has been used for years in hopes of preventing or delaying the onset of brain tumors, but its effectiveness was uncertain. A new analysis concludes that the therapy does bestow a small but significant survival advantage...