Word: slag
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Ruin & Rubble. The Hungnam dock area itself was already a torn and twisted slag heap of rubble and debris left earlier by U.S. strategic bombing attacks. The concrete warehouses at the dockside had somehow escaped major damage, but most of the rest of the port facilities were in complete ruin-huge gas storage tanks crumpled up like discarded beer cans, power plants stripped of their heavy, concrete walls, their generators rusting slowly away beneath alternate snow and freezing rain. Here & there stood long lines of brand-new, Japanese-made freight cars, their gleaming white sides neatly marked with the insignia...
Open-hearth furnaces melt together pig iron, scrap steel, iron ore and limestone. The carbon is oxidized by the oxygen in the iron ore and goes up the stack as carbon dioxide. Other impurities are absorbed by the limestone slag on the surface of the molten iron. U.S. Steel's new "Turbo-Hearth" furnace blows jets of air across the surface of a pool of molten pig iron. The oxygen in the air combines with the impurities, removes them from the iron, turns the iron to low-carbon steel. This method is not very different from the Bessemer process...