Word: slagging
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When Huw Morgan begins his story he is close onto 60, slag heaps have crept close against the house his youth was spent in, and he is about to leave forever his native valley in Wales. Within a page he has sunk back more than 50 years deep into glassily clear reverie, into a time when the valley and life in it were beautiful...
...converters invented by Henry Bessemer got going and steel became much cheaper. In Bessemer converters-little changed after 70 years-a powerful blast of air is forced through molten pig iron as it lies in the converter's capacious belly. The air oxidizes impurities which form a slag or pass off as gases through the converter mouth. After the slag has formed, the steel is poured into molds to make ingots...
...steelmaking has had a big swing to the open-hearth process. These furnaces, lined with dolomite (lime and magnesia oxide), are primed with plate scrap and limestone, then charged with pig iron, scrap and ore, and heated. Gas expelled from the limestone stirs the mixture, helps form the slag. A furnaceman spoons out samples, cools them to test quality, then adjusts the heat to get just the quality he wants. After about twelve hours the furnace is tapped, the steel ladled off. The Bessemer process is three times faster than the open-hearth, and correspondingly cheaper; but since the quality...
International's biggest producer is the Frood Mine near Sudbury, Ont., discovered by Prospector Thomas Frood, who sold his claim for $30,000. Deep beneath tall smelter chimneys and black slag mounds, its shafts bite 3,425 feet into the earth; from its honeycomb of stopes come 12,000 tons of nut-brown ore every working day. A ton of Frood ore contains 95 pounds of copper, 47 pounds of nickel, and the farther the shafts pierce toward the earth's core the richer the ore becomes...
...Scranton, won first prize at the Carnegie International Exhibition and Peter Blume became one of the most talked-of U. S. artists (TIME, Oct. 29, 1934). South of Scranton was the result of driving a flivver in that direction one spring, through Pennsylvania's hills of coal and slag into the Blue Ridge Mountains and east to Charleston Harbor. From what he remembered most vividly Blume made a composition of contrasts : trains crawling in industrial valleys and a German cruiser's crew doing exuberant calisthenics in the sea breeze off Charleston. To show how exuberant they were...