Word: slaving
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Brooding State. Why, indeed, didn't he? The answer can partly be found in the life and personality of George Wallace himself. But it can only have real meaning when understood alongside the history of Alabama, a dark and brooding state. Back in the oldtime slave days, the conjure women used to say that the state's destiny was firmly fixed on an awful night long before, when stars fell on Alabama-in a huge, scarring meteoric shower. Alabamians still tell that legend on themselves-and in a curious way it explains much about Alabama as a state...
...Immense Irony. With cotton as king and the Negro as slave, Alabama was in the forefront of the secessionist movement that led to the Civil War. It was in Montgomery that the South established the Confederacy and made Jefferson Davis its President. Proudly, Alabama sent about 120,000 men-nearly all of its male white population -into the Civil War. Proudly, it boasted 39 generals. Proudly, it was vanquished...
Many of the first slaves in America were, in fact, Indians. In bondage, however, the Indian proved sickly, often died. Indentured white servants were used for a time but too often broke away, easily lost their slave identity among white colonists. Only after such failures did the white man begin large-scale enslavement of the Negro, who possessed two ideal qualities: he was strong, and if he fled, his face stood out in a crowd...
Contrary to the notion that his revolution is of relatively recent origin, the Negro has always fought against his servitude. Before the Civil War ended, there were at least 250 slave revolts or conspiracies in the U.S., including the slaughter of 60 Virginia whites in 1831. Between 1810 and 1860, some 100,000 slaves, valued at more than $30 million, slipped away to freedom in the North. Others protested in more subtle ways. They took to their beds with mysterious "miseries." They "accidentally" ruined plows and wagons. They "forgot" to cinch a saddle tightly-and many a master took...
...N.A.A.C.P.'s lifetime is covered almost exactly by that of Roy Wilkins. The grandson of a Mississippi slave, he was born in St. Louis in 1901. His mother died of tuberculosis, and because his father was not able to keep the family together, Roy was reared in St. Paul by an aunt and an uncle. In a poor but racially mixed neighborhood, Roy's best friends included three Swedish kids named Hendrickson. To help pay for his sociology studies at the University of Minnesota, Wilkins worked as a redcap in St. Paul's Union Station...