Word: sleeps
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...Because sleep deprivation appears to cause at most only relatively moderate decreases in pain tolerance, the use of these techniques in combination with extended sleep deprivation would not be expected to cause severe physical pain," wrote Steven Bradbury, a principal deputy assistant attorney general in the Office of Legal Counsel, who authored the memos...
Kundermann, who found out about the CIA's use of his work from a TIME reporter, said his research did not justify the Justice Department's conclusion. "We were working with healthy volunteers and didn't deprive them of sleep for more than one day without allowing them to recover," he said. "Even under these circumstances, certain changes can occur, such as hallucinations, depending on the individual's condition." (See six ways...
...contrast, he noted that the effects of coercive detention and the dietary restrictions imposed by the CIA's interrogation program could have wildly different effects. "It would never be possible in Germany to deprive a person of sleep for several days because this can have serious effects," Kundermann said. "It can result in psychosis, for instance." He said using his study to evaluate the CIA program was like using a study about "the transient reactions of a little schnapps" to justify forcing prisoners to "drink large amounts of alcohol...
...conditions of his experiment subjects had little in common with those of the CIA program. "[The study subjects] were distracted from sleeplessness by playing different games or watching soccer matches. They could eat, drink, read and move about as they wished. [From] the American documents, we learn that sleep deprivation spanned from 70 to 120 hours - and set maximum limits of 180 hours for the hardest resisters, which is over a full week without sleep," Onen said. "In other words, they discuss starting the sleep deprivation process at nearly double the maximum we set for ethical reasons." Onen compared...
...interrogation memos, which were declassified last week by President Obama, Bradbury cited the work of Horne, of Britain's Loughborough University, to conclude that "even very extended sleep deprivation does not cause physical pain." In an e-mail sent on Monday to Hilary Bok, who maintains the blog Obsidian Wings, Horne wrote that Bradbury's conclusions, based on CIA recommendations, were significantly flawed. "Prolonged stress with sleep deprivation will lead to a physiological exhaustion of the body's defense mechanisms, physical collapse, and with the potential for various ensuing illnesses," Horne wrote. "We don't know at what point this...