Word: smale
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...what grows out of that misunderstanding -- effort-reports, fund shortages due to the Vietnam war, and cases such as that of Berkeley mathematician Stephen Smale, whose grant renewal request was conditionally turned down by the National Science Foundation for what he charged were political considerations--threaten the entire relationship between the sciences and the federal government...
...problems raised by effort-reporting, an entirely different spectrum of problems has been raised by the war and the infamous Smale case. Complaints of political influences in the awarding of scientific grants and excessive defense spending causing a cutback in research allotments have been leveled in recent months at Harvard and elsewhere...
Leahy sees Vietnam only as a peripheral issue in the problems of science's relations with Washington. "The only real tie-in with Vietnam," he said, "was when Stephen Smale stood up on the steps of Moscow University in the summer of 1966 and denounced the war." "Happily," he added, "Vietnam has played a very slight role in what has happened...
...Smale case deserves special attention. Smale, an internationally renowned topologist, traveled to Moscow in 1966 to deliver a major address at the 1966 International Congress of Mathematicians and to receive one of the Fields Medals, often referred to as the Nobel Prize of mathematics.S In Moscow, Smale, pointing, as he put it, to "a real danger of a new McCarthyism in America," denounced both "American military intervention in Vietnam" as "horrible" as well as what he termed the "brutal intervening" of Russian troops in Hungary in 1956. 'Never," Smale said, "could I see justification for military intervention, 10 years...
...Smale was criticized in Congress and investigations were sought into government expenditures to scientists. Smale, who had traveled to Moscow on NSF money as well as private and personal funds, was accused of various infractions of NSF regulations. He was accused in various quarters...