Word: snell
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Benacerraf shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1980 with George Snell of the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine, and Jean Dausset of the University of Paris. He received the award for his work on genetics and the immune system, which protects animals against dangerous substances...
...pals gathered at a bowling alley in Teaneck, N.J., to shoot another of the award-winning spots. Those present included Comedian Rodney Dangerfield, Actress Lee Meredith, Boston Celtics President Red Auerbach, former Oakland Raiders Coach John Madden, ex-Baltimore Slugger Boog Powell and retired New York Jet Matt Snell. Off-camera the jocks disputed the merits of their various sports. "The baseball people make fun of football, and the football people make fun of baseball," says Madden. None of the high spirits were brew-inspired, he said, adding: "We never drink the props...
...prizes, nearly triple the number of its closest challenger, Britain, with 47. Two weeks ago, the literature prize went to Polish-born Poet Czeslaw Milosz, 69, now a U.S. citizen, and the medicine prize to three immunologists, Jean Dausset, 63 (France), George Snell, 76 (U.S.), and Baruj Benacerraf, 59 (U.S.). Last week Americans took five awards: two for physics, two for chemistry, one for economics. The other two went to a Briton and an Argentine...
...three, working independently, have been studying a group of genes that are intimately linked to the body's immune response. Snell, 76, of the Jackson Laboratory at Bar Harbor, Me., laid the groundwork with studies using mice. Attempting to transplant first tumor cells and then normal tissue, he discovered that the success of the operations depended on protein molecules on the surface of cells. These proteins, called antigens, have characteristic shapes and structures, but combinations differ from individual to individual. Snell found that the more antigens the subjects had in common, the more likely was the graft to take...
...Snell's and Dausset's discoveries have led to better matching of donor organs with recipients. Further, since the HLA molecules give everyone except identical twins a unique biochemical profile, HLA "typing" has become a major tool in forensic medicine. It has helped identify rapists through semen stains, and in one paternity case it showed that a pair of fraternal twins were sired by different fathers. Researchers have found that certain HLA groupings are associated with particular diseases, including multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Through HLA typing, it may one day be possible to tell an individual what...